Footnotes

• Handling editor Josef S Smolen

• Collaborators Great Paris Region (GPR) Kawa-COVID-19 consortium: Charlotte Borocco, MD, Marion Caseris MD, Romain Basmaci MD, PhD, Noémie Lachaume MD, Philippe Bensaid MD, Samia Pichard MD, Hanane Kouider MD, Guillaume Morelle MD, Irina Craiu MD, Corinne Pondarre MD, PhD, Arielle Maroni MD, Mehdi Oualha MD, PhD, Zahir Amoura MD, MSc, Julien Haroche MD, PhD, Fanny Bajolle MD, PhD, Stéphane Bonacorsi MD, PhD, Guislaine Carcelain MD, PhD, Isabelle Kone-Paut MD, Karim Aacha MD, Brigitte Bader-Meunier MD, Albert Faye, MD, PhD, Ulrich Meinzer, MD, PhD, Caroline Galeotti MD, PhD Johanna Lokmer, MD, Cherine Benzouid, MD, Constance Beyler, MD, Anna Deho, MD, Glory Dingulu, MD, Laurent Gilardin, MD, Clément Dubost, MD.

• Contributors JC, MP, NO, GH and IM designed the study and wrote the paper. All authors collected clinical data. GH and IM supervised the study. All authors have read final approval of the version published.

• Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

• Competing interests None declared.

• Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.

• Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.